The Economic Sciences is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and preventing publication malpractice. We expect all authors, reviewers, and editors to adhere to the following principles of publication ethics:

Authorship and Originality:

1. Authorship: All authors listed on a manuscript should have made significant contributions to the research and should have reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication.

2. Originality: Manuscripts submitted to our journal should be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Plagiarism and Research Misconduct:

1. Plagiarism: We have a zero-tolerance policy for plagiarism. Authors should ensure that their work is free from any form of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism.

2. Research Misconduct: Authors should conduct their research ethically and responsibly, avoiding any form of misconduct such as data fabrication or falsification.

Conflicts of Interest and Disclosure:

1. Conflicts of Interest: Authors should disclose any potential conflicts of interest related to their research, including any financial or personal relationships that may influence the results or interpretation of the research.

2. Disclosure: Authors should provide a clear and accurate description of their research methods, results, and conclusions, and should provide sufficient detail to allow others to replicate the research if desired.

Peer Review:

1. Fair and Objective Review: Our peer review process is designed to be fair and objective. Reviewers should provide constructive and helpful feedback to authors and should evaluate manuscripts based on their scholarly merit and relevance to the field.

2. Confidentiality: Reviewers should maintain the confidentiality of the review process and should not share any information about the manuscript or the review process with anyone who is not authorized to access this information.

Editorial Responsibilities:

1. Fair and Objective Decision Making: Our editors are responsible for making fair and objective decisions about which manuscripts to publish, based on their scholarly merit and relevance to the field.

2. Transparency: Editors should ensure that the publication process is transparent and should provide clear and timely communication to authors about the status of their manuscripts.

3. Corrections and Retractions: If errors are identified in published articles, we will work with authors to issue corrections or retractions as needed.

We take publication ethics and publication malpractice very seriously at the Economic Sciences, and we will investigate any allegations of misconduct thoroughly and promptly. If you have any concerns about the publication ethics of our journal, please do not hesitate to contact our editorial team.